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FAMILY SUPPORT AND
PRESERVATION PROGRAMS
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Family Support/Preservation
Know Your Child
Developmental Stages (3 months – 15 years)
Find your child’s developmental milestones by their age. Please note that every child develops at a different pace. Some may develop their motor skills earlier and speech later or vice versa.
A good rule of thumb motor development in infants is: Back to sleep – Belly to play
Three Months
Fine and Gross Motor Skills
- Raises head and chest when lying on stomach
- Opens and shuts hands to grasp and shake hand toys
- Brings hand to mouth
- Moves arms and legs with no trouble
Language
- Smiles when hearing your voice/ reacts to sound
- Begins to make cooing sounds and babble
- Begins to imitate some sounds
- Turns head toward voices or noises
Cognitive/Vision
- Watches faces closely
- Stares at parent’s face when talked to
- Eyes follow people or moving objects
- Recognizes familiar objects and people at a distance
- Starts using hands and eyes in coordination
Social/Emotional
- May cry when tired or uncomfortable
- Likes to cuddle and smile
- Becomes startled by loud noises
- Imitates some movements and facial expressions
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Six Months
Fine and Gross Motor Skills
- First signs of teething
- Puts everything in mouth
- Rolls over in both directions (front to back and back to front)
- Sits with head up and without support of hands
- Reaches for objects and transfers from hand to hand
Language
- Begins to respond to "no"
- Develops different cries for different emotions/needs
- Recognizes direction of sound and turns head toward sound
- Laughs, babbles and squeals
- Distinguishes emotions by tone of voice
- Responds to sound by making sounds
Cognitive/Vision
- Develops complete color vision
- Develops ability to follow moving objects
Social/Emotional
- Interested in other children and social play
- Fascinated by reflection in mirror
- Responds to other people's expressions of emotion
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Nine Months
Fine and Gross Motor Skills
- Shakes head back in forth (left to right as if to say “no”)
- Bangs two objects together
- Picks up objects
- Sits easily
- Pulls at furniture to stand
- Crawls
- Enjoys playing peek-a-boo
- Waves bye-bye
- Walking begins (9-18 months)
Language
- Responds to own name (six to twelve months)
- Responds to sound without seeing the source (six to twelve months)
- Babbles sounds like da, ma and ba (six to twelve months)
Cognitive/Vision
- Eyes can move with little head movement
- Visually inspects toys held in own hand
Social/Emotional
- Recognizes and responds to name
- Shows anxiety when separated from parent or caregiver
- Taps, smiles, gets excited over reflection in mirror
- Smiles when praised
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12 Months
Fine and Gross Motor Skills
- Reaches sitting position without assistance
- Crawls on hands and knees
- Pulls self up to stand
- Walks holding on to furniture
- Stands momentarily without support
- May walk a few steps without support
Language
- Responds to simple verbal requests
- Responds to "no"
- Uses simple gestures, such as shaking head for "no"
- Babbles with inflection
- Says "dada" and/or "mama"
- Uses exclamations, such as "Oops!"
- Says a few words
- Tries to imitate actions and words
- Develops words rapidly (about one to three words by 12-14 months)
Cognitive/Vision
- Explores objects in many different ways (shaking, banging, throwing, dropping)
- Looks at correct picture when the image is named
- Identifies specific body parts when asked (i.e. eyes, nose)
- Imitates gestures like pointing and waiving
- Knows own name
- Looks at simple pictures with interest (14-18 months)
- Points to object or people using words like “look” or “see” (14-18 months)
Social and Emotional
- Cries when mother or father leaves – likes familiar adult to be in sight/shy or anxious with strangers
- Shows specific preferences for certain people and toys
- Tests parental responses to his/her behavior. (What do you do if he/she cries after you leave the room?)
- May be fearful in some situations
- Repeats sounds or gestures for attention
- Shows affection
Self-Help/Adaptive
- Begins to use objects correctly (drinking from cup, brushing hair, dialing phone, listening to receiver)
- Finger-feeds well
- Extends arm or leg to help when being dressed
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18 Months
Fine and Gross Motor Skills
- Walks alone with good balance
- Starts to run
- Opens doors
Language
- Develops words rapidly (about 10-15 words by 18 months)
- Uses short phrases
- Follows simple directions (like “go get your toy”) without you pointing
- Focuses quietly when sound is presented
Cognitive/Vision
- Laughs at silly things
- Lets you know what he/she wants
- Follows simple directions
- Builds tower of three blocks
- Throws a ball
- No safety judgment
- Pretends while playing
- Looks at objects you point to
Social and Emotional
- May get frustrated and throw tantrums
Self-Help/Adaptive
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2 Years
Fine and Gross Motor Skills
- Walks alone
- Carries large toy or several toys while walking
- Stands on tiptoe
- Kicks a ball
- Climbs
- Runs, walks up and down stairs and jumps with help
- Scribbles impulsively
- Turns over container to pour out contents
- Can use cup with one hand
Language
- Points to object or picture when it's named for him
- Recognizes names of familiar people, objects and body parts
- Says several single words (by 15 to 18 months)
- Uses simple phrases (by 18 to 24 months)
- Uses two- to four-word sentences
- Follows simple instructions
- Repeats words overheard in conversation
- Attends & responds to verbal cues, when interested
- Combines words, adds words daily (has about 50 words)
Cognitive/Vision
- Begins to sort by shapes and colors
- Begins make-believe play
- Listens to short stories
- Turns pages of a book
- Sometimes looks and checks things out without needing to touch
- Watches hand while scribbling
Social/Emotional
- Imitates behavior of others, especially adults and older children
- Aware of others’ emotions
- Increasingly enthusiastic about company of other children
- Shows emotions by giving hugs and kisses
- Demonstrates increasing independence
- Begins to do opposite of what is asked
- Episodes of separation anxiety increase toward midyear then fade
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Ages 3-4
Physical and mental:
- Can pedal tricycle
- Increased skill in ball games (throwing, kicking, catching)
- Can carry conversation
- Uses spoon and fork
- Knows full name and sometimes age
- Knows names of many colors
- Stays dry most nights
- Likes to dress self
- Begins to understand cause and effect
- Some understanding of past, present and future
Social:
- Less frequent temper tantrums
- Likes to help adults
- Usually potty trained
- Engages in make-believe play
- Shows affection toward siblings and other children
- Understands sharing but sometimes needs encouragement
- Expresses wide range of emotions
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Ages 4-6
- Attention span increases
- Starts to show more interest in adults and peers outside of the family
- Learns new skills almost daily
- Very curious about their world and full of questions about how things work
- Will begin to talk back
- Better understands concepts and categories, such “A cat is an animal.”
- Starts testing his/her independence
- Like to be perceived as being “good” and may start to place blame.
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Ages 6-8
- Becomes involved in out-of-home activities
- Becomes embarrassed by parents’ public displays of affection
- Develops special interests in hobbies
- May have re-emergence of tantrums
- May start to develop conflict between play activities, homework and mealtimes
- Curiosity runs rampant. May ask how their body works, where babies come from, etc.
- May start to tell tales and treat others unkindly. Need clear rules and guidance about what is and is not acceptable behavior.
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Ages 8-10
- Friends are very important to them
- Girls start to develop faster than boys
- Boys often enjoy rough and tumble play
- Starting to learn about sex and babies
- Start to tell dirty jokes
- Enjoy researching subjects that interest them
- May become argumentative
- Stop believing in fantasy figures and fairy tales
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Ages 10-12
- Girls may start to menstruate
- Children become self-conscious of their bodies
- May have rapid growth spurts, which may mean large appetite but less energy
- Start to show interest in opposite sex, school dances, etc.
- Become concerned with being “in” and accepted
- May begin to challenge adult knowledge
- Great at dramatizing and often develop exaggerated expressions
- May start to develop acne
- Start to take risks
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Ages 12-15
- Sudden rapid growth
- Physical strength increases greatly
- Can go through awkward stage
- Girls reach physical maturity
- Both sexes become very concerned with their appearance
- Many teens suffer from rapid acne
- Better able to plan and engage in introspective thinking
- Knows right from wrong and will readily accept responsibility for their behavior
- Tend to have a wide circle of friends comprised of both boys and girls
- Communication is key to minimize the turbulence of teenage years
- May resent being told what to do and can often be moody
- Exercise rebellion
- Can hold down important responsibilities such as baby-sitting
- Needs to feel important in the adult world
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